There are light migration methods that may delay the transfer away from Home windows 10, which Microsoft will cease supporting in October 2025. Technically (and possibly even psychologically), the simplest step is the exhausting one: eliminate Home windows 10 and set up a gorgeous, sustainable Linux desktop system instead!
1. Preliminary concerns: {Hardware} and software program
Linux locations no particular calls for on {hardware}, so there are usually no limitations when selecting a Linux system. Much more feature-rich desktop distributions like Ubuntu with the Gnome desktop, Kubuntu with KDE, or Linux Mint will run easily on any {hardware} that beforehand ran Home windows 10. You solely want to think about lighter distributions if the {hardware} was already noticeably scuffling with Home windows 10.
Tip: For older notebooks with a mechanical 2.5-inch exhausting drive, the change to Linux is a good alternative to interchange the previous drive with an SSD.
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That approach, you’ve gotten an entire bodily backup of your previous Home windows system on the mechanical exhausting drive, so that you don’t want to fret about making a separate backup (see level two). To make use of this backup, you should use SATA-to-USB adapters, exhausting drive docking stations, or just join it to an inside SATA port in a spare PC (if out there).
Linux can substitute Home windows, however not all over the place. Switching is good and even improves safety should you don’t have to run present or future software program like Microsoft Workplace, Adobe Photoshop, Adobe InDesign, AutoCAD, or numerous Home windows-only video games. For all different duties like web searching, chat, streaming, e-mail, audio and video playback, images, and Workplace file codecs, Linux software program works excellently.
2. Backup earlier than putting in Linux
For those who determine to interchange Home windows, make completely certain you save all essential knowledge. Lacking something means it could actually’t be recovered later.
Backing up solely the Home windows house folder (“%userprofile%”) or a folder like “C:Workplace” isn’t sufficient. Even copying key file varieties with instructions like:
xcopy /sc c:*.xls? e:Backupor together with “doc?”, “jpg”, and “txt” recordsdata is useful however nonetheless doesn’t assure an entire backup.
For Home windows: The very best technique is to make use of the Disk2VHD instrument. It creates VHD photographs that you could simply mount in Home windows Explorer by way of Disk Administration (diskmgmt.msc) by selecting “Motion—Connect digital exhausting drive.”
For Linux: We suggest Rescuezilla, which creates IMG format photographs. You may mount these with instruments like Gnome Disks (“Drives”) utilizing “Connect Drive,” or typically even your file supervisor will work. Rescuezilla should be booted as a dwell exterior system, not like Disk2VHD.
3. Deactivate license (retail variations)
Earlier than changing Home windows 10, be sure to deactivate your license. This normally frees up the product key, so you should use it on one other PC later—or purchase a less expensive PC with out an OS. Most licenses, nevertheless, are OEM and tied to the present {hardware}. Solely retail licenses may be activated on completely different machines.
To deactivate, open a command immediate or PowerShell as an administrator and run:
slmgr /upkThis removes the activation. You will discover your product key in your retail software program packaging or within the affirmation e-mail should you purchased from the Microsoft Retailer.
Instruments like ShowKeyPlus (from the Microsoft Retailer) or this command can present your 25-digit key:
wmic path SoftwareLicensingService get OA3xOriginalProductKeyIf no key seems, it’s most likely not transferable. This additionally applies to keys on pocket book stickers, that are normally OEM licenses.
4. Check out the Linux distribution in a dwell system
Obtain the ISO file of the Linux distribution you need and replica it to a USB stick utilizing a instrument like Etcher or USB Imager.
You may then boot your Home windows laptop from this USB by urgent F2, F8, F12, or Esc early on to entry the BIOS boot menu (this varies by producer, so simply strive the keys). Within the boot menu, search for your USB stick listed underneath a reputation like “Intenso” or “Sandisk.”
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Observe: For the sort of set up that overwrites Home windows, the boot mode (BIOS/MBR or UEFI/GPT) doesn’t matter. You may boot the USB with or with out the “UEFI” label.
Not like Home windows installers, most Linux ISO photographs (Ubuntu, Linux Mint, Zorin, Endeavour, and many others) serve two functions: they embody an installer but in addition a full dwell system you possibly can check out.
Earlier than selecting between “Strive” and “Set up,” we strongly suggest making an attempt it first. This allows you to discover the interface and, once you’re prepared, beginning the installer is only a click on away.
Much more essential, this allows you to verify that key {hardware} like graphics, Ethernet, Wi-Fi, audio, printers, and Bluetooth work correctly earlier than making any modifications.
5. Set up Linux
On the desktop of the dwell system, virtually all Linux distributions present a shortcut to begin the set up—for instance, “Set up Kubuntu 24.04 LTS.” The Ubuntu household makes use of two completely different installers: largely Ubiquity, however some use Calamares.
After choosing the language and keyboard, the installer will present a dialogue referred to as “Set up Sort” or “Partitions” (in Calamares). If it detects Home windows on the first exhausting drive, it is going to provide “Set up Ubuntu alongside […]” or “Set up in parallel” (Calamares) as the highest, highlighted choice.
To put in Linux as the one system, select the “Erase exhausting drive” choice. It will format the drive with the Linux Ext4 file system, utterly delete Home windows and its knowledge, and set up the chosen Linux distribution.
Clicking “Set up now” or “Subsequent” (Calamares) begins the set up, which then solely asks for particulars to arrange the primary consumer account.
This text initially appeared on our sister publication PC-WELT and was translated and localized from German.
