The tone of congressional hearings that includes tech trade executives lately can greatest be described as antagonistic. Mark Zuckerberg, Jeff Bezos and different tech luminaries have all been dressed down on Capitol Hill by lawmakers upset with their firms.

However on Tuesday, Sam Altman, the chief government of the San Francisco start-up OpenAI, testified earlier than members of a Senate subcommittee and largely agreed with them on the necessity to regulate the more and more highly effective A.I. know-how being created inside his firm and others like Google and Microsoft.

In his first testimony earlier than Congress, Mr. Altman implored lawmakers to control synthetic intelligence as members of the committee displayed a budding understanding of the know-how. The listening to underscored the deep unease felt by technologists and authorities over A.I.’s potential harms. However that unease didn’t lengthen to Mr. Altman, who had a pleasant viewers within the members of the subcommittee.

The looks of Mr. Altman, a 38-year-old Stanford College dropout and tech entrepreneur, was his christening because the main determine in A.I. The boyish-looking Mr. Altman traded in his standard pullover sweater and denims for a blue go well with and tie for the three-hour listening to.

Mr. Altman additionally talked about his firm’s know-how at a dinner with dozens of Home members on Monday night time, and met privately with numerous senators earlier than the listening to. He provided a unfastened framework to handle what occurs subsequent with the fast-developing techniques that some consider may basically change the financial system.

“I believe if this know-how goes fallacious, it could go fairly fallacious. And we need to be vocal about that,” he mentioned. “We need to work with the federal government to forestall that from occurring.”

Mr. Altman made his public debut on Capitol Hill as curiosity in A.I. has exploded. Tech giants have poured effort and billions of {dollars} into what they are saying is a transformative know-how, even amid rising considerations about A.I.’s position in spreading misinformation, killing jobs and at some point matching human intelligence.

That has thrust the know-how into the highlight in Washington. President Biden this month mentioned at a gathering with a bunch of chief executives of A.I. firms that “what you’re doing has huge potential and massive hazard.” Prime leaders in Congress have additionally promised A.I. rules.

That members of the Senate subcommittee for privateness, know-how and the regulation didn’t plan on a tough grilling for Mr. Altman was clear as they thanked Mr. Altman for his personal conferences with them and for agreeing to look within the listening to. Cory Booker, Democrat of New Jersey, repeatedly referred to Mr. Altman by his first identify.

Mr. Altman was joined on the listening to by Christina Martin, IBM’s chief privateness and belief officer, and Gary Marcus, a widely known professor and frequent critic of A.I. know-how.

Mr. Altman mentioned his firm’s know-how could destroy some jobs but in addition create new ones, and that will probably be essential for “authorities to determine how we need to mitigate that.” He proposed the creation of an company that points licenses for the creation of large-scale A.I. fashions, security rules and exams that A.I. fashions should move earlier than being launched to the general public.

“We consider that the advantages of the instruments now we have deployed to date vastly outweigh the dangers, however guaranteeing their security is significant to our work,” Mr. Altman mentioned.

But it surely was unclear how lawmakers would reply to the decision to control A.I. The observe document of Congress on tech rules is grim. Dozens of privateness, speech and security payments have failed over the previous decade due to partisan bickering and fierce opposition by tech giants.

The USA has trailed the globe on rules in privateness, speech and protections for youngsters. It’s also behind on A.I. rules. Lawmakers within the European Union are set to introduce guidelines for the know-how later this yr. And China has created A.I. legal guidelines that adjust to its censorship legal guidelines.

Senator Richard Blumenthal, Democrat of Connecticut and chairman of the Senate panel, mentioned the listening to was the primary in a collection to be taught extra in regards to the potential advantages and harms of A.I. to ultimately “write the foundations” for it.

He additionally acknowledged Congress’s failure to maintain up with the introduction of recent applied sciences up to now. “Our objective is to demystify and maintain accountable these new applied sciences to keep away from a number of the errors of the previous,” Mr. Blumenthal mentioned. “Congress failed to fulfill the second on social media.”

Members of the subcommittee steered an impartial company to supervise A.I.; guidelines that drive firms to reveal how their fashions work and the information units they use; and antitrust guidelines to forestall firms like Microsoft and Google from monopolizing the nascent market.

“The satan will probably be within the particulars,” mentioned Sarah Myers West, managing director of AI Now Institute, a coverage analysis heart. She mentioned Mr. Altman’s options for rules don’t go far sufficient and may embrace limits on how A.I. is utilized in policing and using biometric information. She famous that Mr. Altman didn’t present any indication of slowing down the event of OpenAI’s ChatGPT instrument.

“It’s such an irony seeing a posture in regards to the concern of harms by people who find themselves quickly releasing into industrial use the system chargeable for these very harms,” Ms. West mentioned.

Some lawmakers within the listening to nonetheless displayed the persistent hole in technological know-how between Washington and Silicon Valley. Lindsey Graham, Republican of South Carolina, repeatedly requested witnesses if a speech legal responsibility protect for on-line platforms like Fb and Google additionally applies to A.I.

Mr. Altman, calm and unruffled, tried a number of occasions to attract a distinction between A.I. and social media. “We have to work collectively to discover a completely new strategy,” he mentioned.

Some subcommittee members additionally confirmed a reluctance to clamp down too strongly on an trade with nice financial promise for america and that competes instantly with adversaries similar to China.

The Chinese language are creating A.I. that “reinforce the core values of the Chinese language Communist Occasion and the Chinese language system,” mentioned Chris Coons, Democrat of Delaware. “And I’m involved about how we promote A.I. that reinforces and strengthens open markets, open societies and democracy.”

A few of the hardest questions and feedback towards Mr. Altman got here from Dr. Marcus, who famous OpenAI hasn’t been clear in regards to the information its makes use of to develop its techniques. He expressed doubt in Mr. Altman’s prediction that new jobs will exchange these killed off by A.I.

“We have now unprecedented alternatives right here however we’re additionally dealing with an ideal storm of company irresponsibility, widespread deployment, lack of ample regulation and inherent unreliability,” Dr. Marcus mentioned.

Tech firms have argued that Congress needs to be cautious with any broad guidelines that lump completely different sorts of A.I. collectively. In Tuesday’s listening to, Ms. Martin of IBM known as for an A.I. regulation that’s much like Europe’s proposed rules, which outlines varied ranges of threat. She known as for guidelines that target particular makes use of, not regulating the know-how itself.

“At its core, A.I. is only a instrument, and instruments can serve completely different functions,” she mentioned, including that Congress ought to take a “precision regulation strategy to A.I.”